SCRAM: More Scrutiny...
A recent broadcast on Fox 2 News Detroit exploited the fact that the SCRAM system is non-specific. I was one of the wearers featured on the show with Chris Bruckner who had lost his livelihood and suffered incarceration for an offense the courts later determined did not happen. Over the last two years I have seen this in many cases, and there are unusual differences, such as clamps breaking or obstruction with no positive alcohol read, (saran wrap, cardboard, a sock and a black trash bag all failed to mask a drinking episode during research). Again, another segment on specificity, not the obstruction device.
I applaud Kerry Birmingham's criticism of the unconstitutional practices behind the procedures of use. They send a client a letter days after the alledged episode, which is a violation of the Sixth Amendment- Notice of Accusation which states an indictment will apprise a defendant of their allegation with reasonable certainty they can make their defense. This makes it impossible to prove a positive false. The letter I had received stated there was a hearing to "Prove why I should not be held in contempt of court", in essence prove my innocence. It is not directly printed in the Constitution but, innocent until proven guilty is a safe guard against wrongful convictions. I suppose they can close a lot of unsolved cases in this manner.
At the end of the segment, Richard Irrer (AMS) claimed one in one thousand reads are false-positives. I say prove it, there were at least 7 erroneous reads between the 4 wearers on the program. Does this ratio include obstructions? Is this just reads, with over 5000 wearers being tested at least 24 times a day? A report in 2004 cited that 60% of wearers continue to drink or attempt to tamper with the device and I boldly cited I believe that near 70% of these were erroneous. A more recent report claimed that 80% (or more) of the wearers comply, which adds verocity to my hypothesis The fact remains they have only proved consumption in a handful of cases, and only a few were able to PROVE INNOCENCE!
The feel: clunky. The look: embarrassing. But, it's a 24-hour watchdog — one that can send a person back to court, and back to jail.
http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/crime/stories/MYSA050107.drunkdetector.KENS.2aedd4d3.html
I applaud Kerry Birmingham's criticism of the unconstitutional practices behind the procedures of use. They send a client a letter days after the alledged episode, which is a violation of the Sixth Amendment- Notice of Accusation which states an indictment will apprise a defendant of their allegation with reasonable certainty they can make their defense. This makes it impossible to prove a positive false. The letter I had received stated there was a hearing to "Prove why I should not be held in contempt of court", in essence prove my innocence. It is not directly printed in the Constitution but, innocent until proven guilty is a safe guard against wrongful convictions. I suppose they can close a lot of unsolved cases in this manner.
At the end of the segment, Richard Irrer (AMS) claimed one in one thousand reads are false-positives. I say prove it, there were at least 7 erroneous reads between the 4 wearers on the program. Does this ratio include obstructions? Is this just reads, with over 5000 wearers being tested at least 24 times a day? A report in 2004 cited that 60% of wearers continue to drink or attempt to tamper with the device and I boldly cited I believe that near 70% of these were erroneous. A more recent report claimed that 80% (or more) of the wearers comply, which adds verocity to my hypothesis The fact remains they have only proved consumption in a handful of cases, and only a few were able to PROVE INNOCENCE!
The feel: clunky. The look: embarrassing. But, it's a 24-hour watchdog — one that can send a person back to court, and back to jail.
http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/crime/stories/MYSA050107.drunkdetector.KENS.2aedd4d3.html
posted by marcellus91872 at 7:09 PM
32 Comments:
Hey... saw the interview... good good story. I actually got interviewed fore it to, but they cut me due to time. If you watched the end, the leg with the tattoo in the grass... was ME! I am getting tired of this bracelet, and the threats i've gotten from HAS. I swear this thing hasnt taken a reading in over a week, and i asked if the battery was working, and they said everything was fine... i dont trust them though.
My husband- and Irish entertainer wasn let out of Jail to finish his gigs as long as he wore the bracelet- wore it for 3 weeks without issue and then low and behold on St Pats was told 2 days after that he drank on St Pats- Despite witness testimony, the judge wasn't hearing it and sentenced him to 10 more days jail. He then did another 50 days of jail for the dui (first time). He is now back on the bracelet and we fear every move. In 12 days it has already been replaced with a new one because they said the rf indicator was acting funny even though the alcohol and dtemp readings were ok- if not for that he would be back before this hanging judge. Why can't we all band together and fight this technology together???? The judge doesn't care, hell even our lawyers are seem to have better things to do. Noone wats to bother with this. I live in constant fear and know my husband has not been drinking or tampering. Anyone know anybody at 60 minutes.
WHO KNOWS A REAL HOT SH*T ATTORNEY IN ohio WHO WANTS TO FIGHT THIS THING. hUSBAND WAS ALL OVER THE NEWS WITH HIS DUI AND i KNOW THIS WOULD GET A LOT OF COVERAGE HERE WITH THE RIGHT PISSED OFF, JUSTICE FIGHTING ATTORNEY.
WE CANNOT SIT IDLE. I HAVE A HUSBAND WHO HAS BEEN SOBER FO ALMOST A YEAR AND THIS THING IS KILLING US, OUR MARRIAGE, OUR DAUGHTER'S OUTLOOK AND IS PURE MISERY.
Just because it isn't buzzing doesn't mean it is not reading, the battery may be low but it still works for a while!
RFI (radio frequency interference) is believed to cause erroneous reads. That is cb's, band equipment etc... Was the Irish man playing at the time of the read?
I've been spanning the globe looking for a defense attorney with an interest in justice, with no avail. The defense attorneys' are capitalizing as well!
Marcellus
yes my husband was playing a gig when his false positive came up. The only thing, as a full time musician, he played almost three weeks of gigs without any issue at all. I sent massive amounts of info to our lawyers-teams of them mind you, and I just seem to be a big bother to them.
Can't find anyone who gives a crap. We were so glad to see the judge on the piece from Detroit say something publicly, and we are trying to start at the grass roots level and get some coverage here, but we have to be very careful as hubbie is on probation and the media attention to him has been very negative.
Hell he went into a probation meeting, told he was drinking two days before, hauled in front of the judge without representation within 2 hours and thrown in jail. Not 3 hours later it was all over the news, in the morning papers the next morning and all 4 local channels were present at the hearing which his lawyers had less than 18 hours to prepare for. They told us he was lucky the judge didn't give him a year in jail. What bull....
Any lawyers out there that want to make a name for themselves???????? This technology is crap. Anybody read the White Paper from Robert J Zettle- just type scram tamper into Google and it comes up first thing. Explains how the tamper technology works and the prescribed protocols that are supposed to be foloowed depending on the alert that is given by the system. Overall this "tamper proof" system has many bugs, if you read very carefully.
Hey Marcellus- have you tried to contact the ACLU? They have made statements regarding the technology in relation to a bill in California that wanted to mandate the devices for repeat offenders there.. They said...
"The American Civil Liberties Union states, "We are concerned about the accuracy and effectiveness if these devices. We are concerned that these devices will have the same problem that the drug-sweat-patches have (e.g., false positives and defects that will be interpreted as tampering).
Here's the link to the entire bill:
http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/05-06/bill/asm/ab_1801-1850/ab_1832_cfa_20060417_131352_asm_comm.html
By the way, how much in financial losses has this tolled for you up to this point, if you don't mind saying...
RFI doesn't effect every read, I imagine there are factors including size of room etc...
ACLU- I was impressed with their knowledge, but ignored my response. At the time of my read I was the only one out there shouting, since many have come but most have gone back to their lives. I've been off it for almost 2 years, as of July 3 I am eligable to fight for my liscense, due to the read I am now able to again PROVE 2 years of abstinence. At the end of my probation, with lose of work, it costed $11,000+, almost lost my home, everything!!
I'm still trying to sort out the financial costs of this whole thing, but from the day of the dui, the extremely harsh sentence hubbie received, the additional jail time and additional time on scram and home arrest and lawyers fees- we haven't even completed our appeal on the probation violation on the scram- with loss of wrk included we are very close to the 40,000 dollar mark. I expect another 10, ooo in lawyers fees before it's all over.
God knows how husband is going to get his business back to normal as he is a professional musician full time and drives- well used to- all over the midwest. Not easy to find a driver for him to all of his gigs. I believe that's what the judge had in mind.
You know Tracy Morgan got strapped with the scram and it was put on him a few days ago. He got ninety days of it. While I wish him well on it, we all know the longer the bracelet is on the probality for false positive goes up. And if he gets one, then maybe someone with more fame and fortune than my hubbie will get this into the mainstream and have the hot sh*t lawyers to bring this whole issue into the larger light.
I'm trying to stay strong through all this, but the frustration of knowing something and others either not believing or caring enough to help is really quite maddening to me.
How did you breathe on a daily basis????
While I was stuck with a conviction from an erroneous read, I was helping people win their fights with the knowledge I had gathered. Even wrote to AMS after one win. Mine costed me, but I won more than I lost! Slowly, the scrutiny is snowballing, the more use the more false reads, I believe it is bayes rule:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes'_theorem
marcellus- did you ever contact Patrick Barone for help- we thought of that but then figured he couldn't do anything in OHio.
Actually I found him after my conviction. However, after I found that alcohol most likely would register during an actual obstruction, I tried to use him in an appeal. With limited funds, and no response from him, it once again rendered me hopeless!
30 days and counting.....Here's what has transpired for my husband since my writing at 12 days when his first bracelet was replaced....The second bracelet seemed much better- not as noisy, did it's reads to the minute on each hour. but as time went on it started rading a few minutes slower on the hour, the noise from the read got louder. Then 4 days ago, a call from the scram bracelet guy asked my husband what he was doing at 3 am on Tuesday. What did he put on his skin at that time. Husband was sleeping, he told him. The read spiked to .197 triggering a communication via modem and then a half hour later was at 0. Obviously not a drinking episode- don't worry about it...You must have put something topical on.........at 3 am in the morning? Then last night, husband is sitting on the recliner with our daughter, normal read comes up at the 8 oclock hour and then a half hour later the bracelet starts kicking in with the modem- We are freaking out and we know that this means there was an alcohol detection. We call the scram phone line and thank god the scram guy picks up and says don't worry about it, you must have used a product or been by something, cause your reading is now zero. Happens alot and not to worry. Yea right Then comes 2 normal reads and then on the half hour agin another communication with the modem. Hubbie and I stay up until we cant anymore, fall aslleep and I wake up around 5 am, hear the read again, wait an hour and then it starts communicating again. At 6:45 am we call scram agin and the guy says he'll call us back in an hour- we wait until about 8 30 and the guy say it was all spikes- no violations- that again, hubbie must have put something on topically! The man was sleeping!
We call his PO, his attorney, and then call scram again. The guys says not to worry that this is normal! We explain that in the past 30 days we've not experienced this as normal. Long story short- The guy replaced this bracelet, too and now he's on his third in 30 days. After replacement, the guy calls back and says there was water on the sensor. That my husband should stay out of the shower and take hand baths!!!!
Needless to say, we are a reck with this thing. We are now contracting to get an in home breathalizer from the home arrest company which installs them for the same court that my husband is in and he will now start breathalizing 6-8 times a day. He has decided not to go out of the house for fear of any contaminants out there that might register, and I am fighting with him to get a security camera in the bedroom for proof when he is sleeping.
If anyone else out there has had these issues recently, or any other issues please respond to Irishmossy1@ameritech.net.
update- 4 days and counting.....noticed really weird communications with the modem over the past 4 days, and on each one, hubbie calls our fav scram guy (actually we are very grateful to this guy, cause he call almost everyday to let us know how the previous days reads went. I am sure not many out there get that kind of service. I will always hate this technology, but this guy is one of the few good ones out there.) So anyway....hubbie calls scram on each read, and once again says just spikey data- no violations don't worry. Hubbie knows that he gets about 10 to 12 dAYs of normal reads before the bracelet starts going wacky, and with less than a week left, is terrified of anything happening and requests a new bracelet. Scram says no....let's try to go the distance.....2 days pass- more spikey data, and then last night at 12:51 a read that hooks with modem again- i fall asleep trusting that it's just spikey- don't worry- wake up to the phone ringing and it's the scram guy- says the data he got was all over the place and that he will be out in the next hour to replace the bracelet. He shows us the report on his computer and I swear to christ in half hour successions there is the reads.....093, half hour later.066, half hour later .083....looks like a conmsumption curve, oh christ if not for the next read all the way to zero, we would have been right back in court. So I ask him where did these reads come from cause you know and I know that my husband had no alcohol near him, no hairspray, no alcohol containing products, nothing. He says "water in the bracelet is the worst thing for the sensor." Now the guy can't verbally say "I know you're husband wasn't drinking" but we both know that without saying it, which is probably why he got out to our house so quickly. So with 4 days more to go, husband is on his 4rth bracelet, and we live our lives from one read to the next. Chinese water torture.
The one thing the scram guy said was that we are his high maintenance case, and noone else he's been monitoring ever notices how the bracelet works. We are the only ones....so my advoce to everyone is know how it works, when it starts spiking call them and keep a log and record everything. I believe if not for that my husband would have had a false positive several days or weeks ago from a faulty bracelet with shower water on the sensor.
Dear God....please let us get through this next 4 days ok.
Weird, I never had such daubert issues. I could never tell when it was spiking, the bracelet was consistent. However, I did have problems with the modem once or twice, simply unplugged it and waited a minute and restarted it. I wonder if RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) is the cause.
Daubert issues? RFI?????Water on the sensor????? The Frigging thing just doesn't frigging work. Scram always has the answer that this is normal or "see we caught the issue, so it's not a false positive... such bullshit.
Between the buzzer on the breathalyzer and the buzzing from the bracelet, I've become an absolute maniac. I used to be so fun loving and joyful to be around and with- now I am absolutely certifiable. We're into counting down the hours now......I think it's 15 or 16 hours. God help us please.
By the way, the way you can tell if it is reading an alcohol detection is that it starts buzzing one half hour later from the first time it "detects" alcohol, whether interferrant or consumption. It will continue that way until it registors a TAC of zero. We have a red light on our phone in the kitchen which goes on when the extension upstairs is in use. Each time hubbie gets a buzz on the half hour and that red light goes on, we know the modem and bracelet are communicating. If it's not 3 o'clock in the am- then we know it's an alcohol detection of some kind.
Amazing, over the past 2 months, hubbie quit his job, was on home arrest on the first month, we have no drinking alcohol in the house- we have read every ingredient list for his hygiene products, no alcohol there, read every ingredient in the foods he eats- he doesn't eat wheat bread or chocolate donuts or anything with sesame seeds, I hairspray outside of the house, he goes to no establishment that serves alcohol, and mainly stays home and goes to AA meetings-AND STILL THERE ARE READS OF ALCOHOL SPIKES!
16 HOURS..........
All three of my tethers buzzed every 15 to 30 minutes unless the battery was low which muted the vibration.
Marcellus
he is free!!!!!!!
Bracelet off this afternoon......
They must have changed the program since you wore the bracelets- cause we could set our clocks to the minute for each hourly read= the last 2 bracelets would test every 61 minutes. Unless there was a detection and then it would go on every 30 minutes.
I am being forced to wear SCRAM (Secure Continuous Alcohol Monitoring) ankle bracelet against my will. I am among a growing number of SCRAM critics that view this device as cruel and unusual punishment and challenge the junk science behind SCRAM.
As you can see in the photos SCRAM causes cuts, bruises and skin rash as well as circulation problems and sleep deprivation.
This device is also very costly ($400 - $500 per month) and the individuals are forced to pay the costs without the courts making a financial determination of an individuals ability to pay prior to SCRAM being made a condition.
If for example a person is on bond pending trial and they fail to make thier
payments they will likely have thier bond revoked simply for being poor!
Before SCRAM came along courts would on rare occasion require a person
who is free on O.R. or bail to submit to weekly testing at the courts expense.
Here is what we do know about SCRAM. There are no true peer-reviewed studies of SCRAM; the rate of error is unknown, and the only person testifying on behalf of these things is the major stakeholder of SCRAM -- the inventor! The best information circulating about SCRAM reads more of marketing buzz than juried scientific studies. And, nobody seems to know when, and if, SCRAM is calibrated on any basis. Finally, cases that are coming through the pipeline are showing TAC readings that one national expert in alcohol testing calls "biological impossibility".
As such we are compiling data and exploring/considering a possible class action lawsuit against AMS in conjunction with several states/counties who are subjecting defendants and probationers to this device.
First off, since SCRAM doesn't quantitatively analyze alcohol then why is it giving quantitative readings to probation officers resulting in bond revocations and probation revocations? Well, it seems that the only "studies" of SCRAM are those paid for by its manufacturers. More disturbing, the SCRAM device cannot differentiate between different types of common compounds found in the human body that mimic ethyl (the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages).
AMS refers to these other compounds as "interferences".
So, what are these "interferences"? Acetone (commonly found in diabetics and individuals fasting) and endogenous alcohol. Endogenous alcohol is produced by the body as a result of the breakdowns of certain types of foods (e.g. chocolate cake, apple walnut bread, raisin bread, english muffins, wheat bread, donuts).
If you are defendant/probationer having problems with SCRAM contact us asap.
we know what you're going through and you can be assured we will protect your anonymity. Attorneys with experience in Daubert issues and cruel and unusual punishment cases that are interested in learning more about this matter, please reply via email with your full name and state bar # and someone will contact you within 48 hours.
[IMG]http://i81.photobucket.com/albums/j222/realtony123/scram_scar4.jpg[/IMG]
[IMG]http://i81.photobucket.com/albums/j222/realtony123/scram_scar2.jpg[/IMG]
Please would any of you contact me with information or your contact info? I am in a similar position with my boyfriend and we are trying to gather data..
My e-mail - Jess738@aol.com
Please, if you are serious about fighting the scram injustice as read in all these blogs, please write me (i am not a lawyer) at fightscraminjustice@gmail.com.
Please give your history while wearing your scram bracelet, along with any incidental information that might be helpful.
We cannot win alone, but in numbers we can. With you in this fight against injustice.
So glad to have found this blog. I have had my scram on for 3 days now. They thought I had a bad modem because it blinked green for two days and red for one. I kept calling and they said to wait it out. I did and today, at the scheduled time for the modem to read the bracelet, the lights returned to normal and the monitor guy said everything is fine. I may be a little paranoid after reading all the stories about the false-positives that occur with this sketchy equiptment. I have, therefore, been documenting everything I eat as well as detailing the modem activity and personal correspondence with the monitor. What else should I do to protect myself from any malfunctions that could jeopardize my freedom? Is there a way I can require the monioring agent to notify me of a positive reading in time for me to take an "ebt" (?) blood test in order to disprove actual alcohol consumption? Any advice would help, I'm not looking forward to the rest of my "sentence" with this unreliable POS. Thanks
the last thing you want is an Etg test, there is already a class action filed against due to the unreliability, personally I think Dr. Skipper should suffer the consequences, walk don't run!!!!
Your constituitiomal rights are not capitolized, anything else is, there was not 17,000+ killed by drink drivers any year, try 1,500 innocent victims and 5500 to 6500 guilty victims, the rest are occupants, pedestrians or bikers hit by a drinking (.01 or greater counts) drivrer.
The sad thing is there really isn't much that you can do to protect yourself. Certainly watch the ingredients in all things that you bathe with. Anything with "ol" on the end of it- like glycol- is alcohol based and could trigger it. But then again nothing could trigger it- meaning it gets triggerred from none of the ablove-
do what the Irishman did- get a home breathalyser and blow 6-8 tiems a day. Not very realistic.
How long are you on the torture bracelet? are you on any meds or creams, check the ingredient list carefully.
I was hobbled for 8 months, and only 1 false-positive for alcohol and 2 obstructions (with no alcohol detected). That was in 2005, today I'm free but yet still get sick to my stomach when I think how zealous and/or greedy our legal community and government really are!
Marcellus
I was the one who posted earlier after having the device for just three days.. Today is my 24th (I have to wear it for another 66 days) I see the monitoring probation officer once a week. The meetings seem a little silly, he just collects my payment and lets me go.. I asked him about using lotions, shampoos and other hygiene products which may contain alcohol and he said that they were fine to use as long as you don't use them near the actual device. He said that he disregards the "spikes" that appear on the report as a result of using such products. Apparently, one can differentiate between actual alcohol consumption and "external contact with alcohol" (which causes such brief spikings in a reading). This all seems reasonalbe and has somewhat alleviated my anxiety concerning any false-postives sending me back to court.
This aside, I still hate the appearance of the scram, what it does to your skin and the whole big-brother aspect of it.
I hope everyone is doing as well as they can with their "sentences."
I am so grateful for this blog. I hope people continue to use it to address concerns with the SCRAM device and, hopefully, one day it and its founder will play a role in outlawing the use of the cruel and faulty SCRAM device.
Whatever gets you through the night.
What that guy said is correct, they are supposed to disregard the up and down spikes, but sometimes their report readers look at a spike and call it a consumption curve.
The whole issue with this device is that it gets spikes and curves when there is no alcohol around the subject who is wearing it. That's why they call it a false positive. And that is exactly what happened to my husband.
Wouldn't have believed it if I wasn't there. Saw their report, saw the times of the reads, and my husband was sleeping. I was up and he was sleeping. No alcohol, hairspray no nothing, just sleeping. can't imagine what would have happened had there been an obstruction too.
You need to breathalize. My husband had 4 bracelets in 60 days. We got to knowing that he only got 10-12 days of "normal" wear before it started going wacky. I was at the point of installing a security camera in all points of my home because all the weird reads that came in the wee hours of the night,,,,,just like everyone else who gets hauled into court.
So don't get lazy with it cause that shit will bite you. I feel bad for you, cause I do know what it is to live life one read at a time,,,,,and I wasn't even wearing the god damn thing.
Make sure you have a lawyer who understands this stuff and one that will be there when the surprise you with a false read.
I fought and won a so-called consumption with spikes! The key word is "apparently"! You see, the only testing done on the system at the time of my conviction showes a sock, trash bag, cardboard and a sock all failed to mask a drinking episode. Yet, I was convicted of consumption without alcohol in the read, hmmm. What pisses me off is the fact there was no police dispatch (they knew at the time of the read) or as in compliance with our Constitution, Notice of Accusation, which would have cleared me and I could have had a normal life, instead I was nearly rendered homeless. Good luck,
Marcellus
I was ordered to wear a scram unit as a condition of bond, I have no previous alcohol related incidents but i was accused of being intoxicated and commiting domestic violence. Since having the unit on i have developed sores and brusing arround my ankle. At one point they switched it over to the other leg. my left leg was grose and infected and when he transfered the braceles he failed to clean it and the infection spread to the other leg. after three days i developed sores on the second leg and ended up in the emergency room only to find out that i had cellulitus (a form of staph) almost a month has passed and no one will do anything to resolve this issue. I have given photos DR. documentation of what i have and what can be done to treat the infection and yet nothing is done. Is this not cruel and unusual punishment? i will have to live with the scars for the rest of my life. how much tourture do i need to endure before something is done. How does anyone know if a unit has been properly sanitized before putting on another person? i can not immagine thinking that this unit could be placed on another person and them contracting what i have. When is enough enough?
I have a TAD unit and had one incident where I was asked to go in for a subsequent urine test passed (of course) np then another call from the sherif a month later another incident. He called my PO and asked to go test. This time a problem not only did I not pass but he said I failed that test said it was "maxed out" and said I had failed a test two days before on my random test. Funny thing..I have not consumed any alcohol. This resulted in a PV for which I could do jail time. My doctor changed my whole medication routine> I have 2 diseases I am fighting. I take alot of meds.I live in constant stress of something coming up again. I think that it has something to do with meds and diet.I take predizone for RA and have a comprimized liver due to hep c. I have told my handlers that I have alot more to worry about than a hangover if i choose to drink...like death... but they are sure that I am an alcholic. My doc, my friends and family all would vehemtly refute this idea. I live with my brother see my mom everyday, worked at the same place for well over a year. Noone would even say I am a drinker. BUT I have a shit atty.I fired him can now only afford public defense and I am afraid! But a fighter I read all of this and want to do anything to stop this madness! It is cruel and unusual, It is ridiculous, unwarranted,and in some cases down right totalitarian! How can I get help what can I do to help?
Perhaps this link will help...
http://www.drugs.com/pro/prednisone.html
with a compromised liver anything may create a BAC, however in your case a BrAC may be more conclusive due to the intake method of alcohol. Research all the medication you are taking, as well as the change, and hope the judge has an ounce of integrity.
Wow I'm having the same problem.I had to he scram bracelet since November 17,2015.It was fine up until around Jun 3rd Now my probation officer calling me two weeks later saying I had alcohol consumption.Saying I started drinking 4:30am in the morning until 3:30pm in afternoon.I dam near lost my mind..It's scary and outrageous...I don't know what to do.
I have this going on right. Now. Send me an email. 6647pangwar@gmail.com
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